Participle II (Partizip II) is very necessary for the formation of tenses as well as the construction of passive sentences. Many German learners find it difficult to conjugate Participle II
Partizip II (Past Participle) is essential for the formation of tenses as well as the formation of passive sentences. Many German learners have difficulty conjugating the Partizip II. Therefore, in today's article we will explore together how Partizip II is formed in German. Let's get started!!
A. For regular verbs
1. ge- + Verbstamm (verb stem) + -t
- The majority of verbs in German form the Partizip II according to this formula. For example:
machen → gemacht
kaufen → gekauft
lernen → gelernt
2. ge- + Verbstamm (verb stem) + -et
- Verbs whose stem ends in -t/-d/-m/-n must add an e before adding t to form the Partizip II. For example:
arbeiten → gearbeitet
rechnen → gerechnet
atmen → geatmet
3. -ieren → -iert
- When forming the Partizip II of verbs ending in -ieren, we simply replace the ending -ieren with the ending -iert. For example:
organisieren → organisiert
konzentrieren → konzentriert
4. Tiền tố (Präfix) + ge- + Verbstamm (verb stem) + -t
- This formula is applied to form the Partizip II of separable verbs (trennbare Verben). For example:
an/machen → angemacht
auf/bauen → aufgebaut
mit/spielen → mitgespielt
5. Verbstamm (verb stem) + -t
- This formula is applied to inseparable verbs (untrennbare Verben). For example:
bezahlen → bezahlt
entdecken → entdeckt
erleben → erlebt
B. For irregular verbs
1. (Präfix) + ge- + Verbstamm im Präteritum + -t
- This is how the Partizip II of Modalverben and some irregular verbs is formed.
wollen → gewollt
bringen → gebracht
mit/bringen → mitgebracht
2. (Präfix + ge-) + Verbstamm mit Vokalwechsel + -en- The past participle (Partizip II) of irregular verbs ends with the suffix -en. In addition, when forming the Partizip II, there is usually a vowel change (Vokalwechsel) in the root of the word (Wortstamm). For example:
fahren → gefahren
helfen → geholfen
schreiben → geschrieben
beginnen → begonnen
!!!The formulas for conjugating the Partizip II of irregular verbs are only approximate; therefore, we must memorize each irregular verb and its conjugation individually.
Knowledge test
Participle II (Partizip II) in German
- 1.
Wer hat das Licht ........? (ausmachen)
- 2.
Am Wochenende haben wir unsere Freunde in Berlin ............ (besuchen)
- 3.
Die Lehrerin hat letzten Monat insgesamt 120 Stunden .......... (arbeiten)
- 4.
In Deutschland haben wir jeden Tag Brot ....... (essen)