TOPIC · Verbs (Verben)
Easily confused verbs in German
After this lesson you can distinguish key easily confused German verb pairs and use them correctly in simple everyday sentences.
In this lesson you will learn to clearly distinguish some common confusing verb pairs like warten / erwarten, besuchen / besichtigen, or wissen / kennen and use them correctly in everyday A1–A2 sentences.
1„warten“ vs. „erwarten“
| Verb | Short meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| warten | to wait, stay until sth comes | Ich warte auf den Bus. | I wait for the bus. |
| erwarten | to expect, to look forward to sth coming | Ich erwarte ein Paket. | I expect a parcel. |
- warten auf + Akkusativ: „Ich warte auf den Zug / auf meine Freundin.“ → you wait for something/someone.
- erwarten + Akkusativ: „Ich erwarte Besuch / ich erwarte eine Antwort.“ → you think something will happen or arrive.
2„besuchen“ vs. „besichtigen“
| Verb | Short meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| besuchen | to visit a person (or school) | Ich besuche meine Großeltern. | I visit my grandparents. |
| besichtigen | to visit / tour a place | Wir besichtigen das Museum. | We visit / tour the museum. |
- besuchen: normally for people, also for institutions: „eine Schule besuchen“ (to attend a school).
- besichtigen: for places and sights: „eine Stadt / eine Kirche besichtigen“ (to visit, to look around).
3„hören“ vs. „anhören“
| Verb | Short meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| hören | to hear, perceive with your ears | Ich höre Musik. | I hear music / I am listening to music. |
| anhören | to listen to sth completely, on purpose | Ich höre mir das Lied an. | I listen to the song (actively, from start to finish). |
- anhören usually comes with a reflexive dative: „Ich höre mir den Podcast an.“
4„machen“ vs. „tun“
| Verb | Short meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| machen | to make, to do (very general) | Ich mache meine Hausaufgaben. | I do my homework. |
| tun | to do (in many fixed phrases) | Ich weiß nicht, was ich tun soll. | I don’t know what to do. |
Very common expressions with tun:
- „Es tut mir leid.“ – I’m sorry.
- „Was kann ich für dich tun?“ – What can I do for you?
- „Das tut weh.“ – That hurts.
5„fragen“ vs. „befragen“
| Verb | Short meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| fragen | to ask a question | Ich frage ihn nach dem Weg. | I ask him for directions. |
| befragen | to question, to interview systematically | Wir befragen die Teilnehmer. | We question / interview the participants. |
- fragen + Akkusativ (person): „Ich frage den Lehrer.“ – I ask the teacher.
- fragen nach + Dativ (information): „Ich frage nach der Uhrzeit.“ – I ask for the time.
6„wissen“ vs. „kennen“
These two are often difficult because many languages use only one verb.
| Verb | Short meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| wissen | to know a fact / information | Ich weiß die Antwort. | I know the answer. |
| kennen | to be familiar with sb/sth | Ich kenne sie gut. | I know her well. |
Typical patterns:
- wissen before clauses: „Ich weiß, dass er kommt.“ – I know that he is coming.
- kennen before nouns: „Ich kenne diesen Film / diese Stadt.“ – I know this film / this city.
By the end of this lesson you can choose the correct verb from these pairs and build simple, correct sentences with them in everyday situations.
Knowledge test
Easily confused verbs in German
- 1.
Choose the correct sentence to express: “We know the truth”:
- 2.
Which of the following sentences uses “kennen“ correctly?
- 3.
Choose the correct sentence to express “We study medicine“:

