Brottin

TOPIC · Prepositions (Präpositionen)

Temporal Präpositionen (2): Zeitpunkt

A2

After this lesson you can use the temporal prepositions an, in, nach, vor, zu, um and gegen correctly to express a point in time.

This lesson explains temporal prepositions that express a point in time: when something happens. We focus on an, in, nach, vor, zu, um, gegen with Dativ or Akkusativ.

Overview: preposition and case

Common temporal prepositions

PräpositionCasetypical useExampleMeaning
an+Dativdays, dates, parts of the dayIch gehe am Samstag feiern.I am going to celebrate on Saturday.
in+Dativmonths, seasons, "in" x timeDer Kurs beginnt in einer Woche.The course starts in a week.
nach+Dativafter an event / time pointNach dem Film gehen wir essen.After the movie, we go to eat.
vor+Dativbefore an event / time pointVor dem Essen wasche ich mir die Hände.Before eating, I wash my hands.
zu+Dativholidays, special timesIch habe das Buch zu Weihnachten bekommen.I got the book at Christmas.
um+Akkusativclock times, exactDer Zug kommt um 15 Uhr.The train arrives at 3 p.m.
gegen+Akkusativapproximate timeWir treffen uns gegen 18 Uhr.We meet around 6 p.m.

„an“ with Dativ

Function: specific days and dates, often as am (an + dem).

PatternExampleTranslation
an + Dativ (day)Ich gehe am Samstag feiern.I am going to celebrate on Saturday.
an + Dativ (date)Wir schreiben am 3. Mai eine Prüfung.We write a test on May 3rd.
an + Dativ (weekday)An einem Montag ist er immer müde.On a Monday he is always tired.

Note: fixed expressions like „am Morgen, am Abend, am Wochenende“ all use an + Dativ.

„in“ with Dativ

Function 1: future in x time, like "in two days".

Function 2: months, seasons, longer periods.

PatternExampleTranslation
in + Dativ (time span)Der Kurs beginnt in einer Woche.The course starts in a week.
in + Dativ (month)In einem Monat mache ich Urlaub.I go on holiday in a month.
in + Dativ (holidays / season)Ich reise in den Sommerferien.I travel in the summer holidays.

Attention: „in den Sommerferien“ uses Dativ plural (den + -n).

„nach“ with Dativ

Function: something happens after another event.

PatternExampleTranslation
nach + DativNach dem Film gehen wir essen.After the movie, we go to eat.
nach + DativNach der Arbeit bin ich müde.After work I am tired.

„vor“ with Dativ

Function: something happens before another event.

PatternExampleTranslation
vor + DativVor dem Essen wasche ich mir die Hände.Before eating, I wash my hands.
vor + DativIch kam vor dem Sturm nach Hause.I came home before the storm.

Compare: „vor zwei Stunden“ (without a noun, only number + plural) is a different structure, but also means "ago".

„zu“ with Dativ

Function: festivals, holidays, special times.

PatternExampleTranslation
zu + DativIch habe das Buch zu Weihnachten bekommen.I got the book at Christmas.
zu + DativZu dieser Zeit war ich in Deutschland.At that time I was in Germany.

„um“ with Akkusativ

Function: exact clock times.

PatternExampleTranslation
um + AkkusativDer Zug kommt um 15 Uhr.The train arrives at 3 p.m.
um + AkkusativWir treffen uns um Mitternacht.We are meeting at midnight.

„gegen“ with Akkusativ

Function: approximate time.

PatternExampleTranslation
gegen + AkkusativWir treffen uns gegen 18 Uhr.We meet around 6 p.m.
gegen + AkkusativDas Konzert beginnt gegen Ende des Monats.The concert starts around the end of the month.

Short summary

  • Dativ: an, in, nach, vor, zu
  • Akkusativ: um, gegen
  • exact point in time: an (day), um (time)
  • approximate point in time: gegen
  • relation to another event: nach (after), vor (before)

Practice by writing sentences about your daily routine using each of these prepositions.