Brottin

ROADMAP · B1 · Understand familiar topics and express personal opinions

Präteritum aller Verben

B1Präteritum of all verbs
Gestern ging ich nach Hause und stand auf dem Balkon noch lange im Regen.

Yesterday I went home and stood on the balcony in the rain for a long time.

EXPLANATION

The Präteritum is a past tense for facts, narration, and reports. It is especially important in writing; in conversation, many verbs are more often used in the Perfekt.

The Präteritum is the usual tense for written narration and reports. Weak verbs add -te (lernte, arbeitete), strong verbs change the vowel and do not add -te (ging, kam, sah), and mixed verbs combine both patterns (brachte, dachte, wusste). For ich and er/sie/es, the Präteritum forms are usually identical (for example: ich ging, er ging); separable verbs behave as in the present: the finite verb stands in second position and the separable prefix goes to the end of the clause. Morphologically, the simple past form of aufstehen is stand auf, but in a main clause you say Wir standen auf (not Wir aufstanden). In everyday speech, many speakers prefer the Perfekt for completed actions, but in stories and reports the Präteritum is very common.

STRUCTURE

weak verb stem + -te / -ten / -test / -tet

Weak verbs keep their stem and add the Präteritum ending.

  • Ich lernte Deutsch in der Schule.I learned German at school.
  • Sie arbeitete gestern im Krankenhaus.She worked in the hospital yesterday.
  • Wir spielten am Abend Karten.We played cards in the evening.
strong verb stem change + no -te

Strong verbs usually change the vowel and do not take the weak-verb ending.

  • Ich ging nach Hause.I went home.
  • Er kam zu spät.He came too late.
  • Sie sah den Zug.She saw the train.
mixed verb: strong-like stem change + -te ending

Mixed verbs behave partly like strong verbs and partly like weak verbs.

  • Er brachte die Unterlagen mit.He brought the documents with him.
  • Ich dachte an den Termin.I thought about the appointment.
  • Wir wussten es nicht.We did not know it.

COMMON MISTAKES

  • Gestern arbeite ich bis spät im Büro.

    Gestern arbeitete ich bis spät im Büro.

    arbeiten is a weak verb, so in the Präteritum it takes the ending -te: arbeitete. With the time adverb Gestern (yesterday), the sentence needs a past tense, not the present form arbeite.

  • Er kamm zu spät zum Meeting.

    Er kam zu spät zum Meeting.

    kommen is a strong verb, so it changes the stem vowel and does not add -te. kamm is not a correct form.

  • Wir aufstanden und gingen nach draußen.

    Wir standen auf und gingen nach draußen.

    Separable verbs split in the clause: the finite verb stands in second position and the separable prefix moves to the end. The past form of aufstehen is stand auf: Wir standen auf und gingen nach draußen.

  • Ich wussten die Antwort nicht.

    Ich wusste die Antwort nicht.

    wissen is a mixed verb, so it has the vowel change and the -te ending: wusste. wussten is plural, not singular.

USAGE NOTES

  • Use the Präteritum especially in written texts, stories, news, and reports. In spoken German, the Perfekt is often more natural for many verbs.
  • The forms ich and er/sie/es are the same in the Präteritum: ich ging, er ging. The plural forms often end in -en or -ten.
  • For weak verbs, do not forget the -te- part: lernte, machte, arbeitete. For strong verbs, do not add it: kam, blieb, fand.
  • Some very common verbs are often learned as whole Präteritum forms: war, hatte, wollte, konnte, musste. This lesson focuses on the regular patterns and the main common irregular verbs.

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