Brottin

ROADMAP · B1 · Understand familiar topics and express personal opinions

Relativsätze: Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ

B1Relative clauses: nominative, accusative, dative
Das ist die Kollegin, die mir im Bahnhof geholfen hat.

That is the colleague who helped me at the station.

EXPLANATION

A relative clause follows a noun and describes it more precisely. The relative pronoun shows gender and number from that noun, but its case depends on what it does inside the relative clause.

Relative clauses use a relative pronoun that matches the noun in gender and number, but the case comes from the pronoun’s role inside the relative clause. The clause stands directly after the noun, and it is set off by commas; the verb goes to the end of the clause. So you choose between der / die / das / die in Nominativ, den / die / das / die in Akkusativ, and dem / der / dem / denen in Dativ.

STRUCTURE

Nomen + , + relative pronoun in Nominativ + Verb am Ende + ,

Use Nominativ when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause.

  • Das ist der Arzt, der heute Dienst hat.That is the doctor who is on duty today.
  • Ich treffe die Frau, die im zweiten Stock wohnt.I meet the woman who lives on the second floor.
  • Wir besuchen das Museum, das am Fluss liegt.We are visiting the museum that lies by the river.
Nomen + , + relative pronoun in Akkusativ + Verb am Ende + ,

Use Akkusativ when the relative pronoun is the direct object in the relative clause.

  • Das ist der Mann, den ich gestern gesehen habe.That is the man whom I saw yesterday.
  • Hier ist die Tasche, die wir gekauft haben.Here is the bag that we bought.
  • Ich suche das Handy, das du benutzt hast.I am looking for the phone that you used.
Nomen + , + relative pronoun in Dativ + Verb am Ende + ,

Use Dativ when the relative pronoun is the indirect object or follows a verb that needs Dativ.

  • Das ist die Lehrerin, der ich geschrieben habe.That is the teacher I wrote to.
  • Wir helfen dem Nachbarn, dem wir oft die Einkäufe bringen.We help the neighbor whom we often bring groceries to.
  • Die Gäste, denen wir die Karten gegeben haben, sitzen schon im Saal.The guests to whom we gave the tickets are already sitting in the hall.

OVERVIEW

Relative pronouns in the nominative, accusative and dative

CaseMasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
Nominativderdiedasdie
Akkusativdendiedasdie
Dativdemderdemdenen

COMMON MISTAKES

  • Der Mann, der ich gestern gesehen habe, wohnt hier.

    Der Mann, den ich gestern gesehen habe, wohnt hier.

    den is correct because the man is the object of sehen, so the case is Akkusativ. der would be nominative and would make the clause mean the man is doing the seeing.

  • Die Frau, die ich geholfen habe, arbeitet im Hotel.

    Die Frau, der ich geholfen habe, arbeitet im Hotel.

    helfen needs Dativ, so the feminine singular form is der. die would be accusative or nominative, which is wrong here.

  • Die Kinder, den wir geholfen haben, waren müde.

    Die Kinder, denen wir geholfen haben, waren müde.

    Plural dative relative pronoun is denen. den is only the masculine singular accusative article/pronoun, so it cannot replace a plural dative form.

  • Das ist das Buch, den ich suche.

    Das ist das Buch, das ich suche.

    The noun das Buch is neuter singular, and the pronoun is the object of suchen, so the form is das in Akkusativ.

USAGE NOTES

  • The relative clause comes immediately after the noun it describes: die Kollegin, die... Do not move it away from the noun.
  • The verb in the relative clause goes to the end, even if the clause is short: der Mann, der Deutsch spricht.
  • In plural dative, denen is the normal form. Compare denen with masculine accusative den; they are not interchangeable.
  • You do not choose the relative pronoun by the verb before the comma. You choose it by the role inside the relative clause.

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