ROADMAP · A1 · Basic communication in daily life
Präpositionen mit Dativ
We are going to Berlin.
EXPLANATION
The prepositions aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu always take the dative. In practical use, they tell you where something comes from, where you are, who you are with, or how long something has been true.
These prepositions always govern the dative: aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu. That means the article changes to dem, der, dem, den in the plural, and to einem, einer with ein- words. The most useful contrasts for beginners are direction and place: nach with cities and countries without article, zu with people and many places like zum Arzt or zur Schule, and seit for a time span that is still true now. Contractions like beim, vom, zum, zur are just shorter forms of these combinations.
STRUCTURE
preposition + dative article/noun phraseThese prepositions do not change their meaning according to the noun's gender; the article changes instead.
- Ich wohne bei meinem Onkel.I live at my uncle's place.
- Wir fahren mit dem Zug nach Köln.We are going by train to Cologne.
- Das Paket kommt von dem Büro.The package comes from the office.
nach + city/country without article; zu + person/place/buildingUse nach for many destinations, but zu for a person or a specific point like a doctor or school.
- Ich fahre nach München.I am going to Munich.
- Sie fährt nach Hause.She is going home.
- Wir gehen zum Bahnhof.We are going to the station.
seit + dative + present tenseSeit connects the beginning of a period with the present result or current situation.
- Ich lerne seit einem Monat Deutsch.I have been learning German for a month.
- Er arbeitet seit 2023 in Berlin.He has been working in Berlin since 2023.
OVERVIEW
Dative articles after these prepositions
| Gender/number | Definite article | Indefinite article | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | dem | einem | zum Arzt |
| feminine | der | einer | zur Schule |
| neuter | dem | einem | beim Kind |
| plural | den | — | mit den Freunden |
COMMON MISTAKES
Ich komme bei Vietnam.
Ich komme aus Vietnam.
Use aus for origin or coming out of a country, city, or place; bei means “at/near” someone or a place, not origin.
Ich gehe zu den Arzt.
Ich gehe zum Arzt.
Zu + dem becomes zum. With masculine nouns, the contraction is very common.
Wir warten von dem Bahnhof.
Wir warten am Bahnhof.
Am means an dem and is the natural expression for waiting at the station. Von does not mean location here.
Seit drei Jahren wohne ich nach Hamburg.
Seit drei Jahren wohne ich in Hamburg.
Seit needs dative and is used with a duration or starting point that continues to now. In this sentence, the error is nach Hamburg with the verb wohnen; to express where you live, you say in Hamburg, not nach.
USAGE NOTES
- After these prepositions, the noun phrase is in the dative. For learners, it is enough to notice the article change first.
- Nach is used with cities and countries without article: nach Paris, nach Italien. For a country with article, use a different pattern, for example in die Schweiz.
- Zu often means going to a person or place with a purpose: zum Arzt, zur Schule, zum Bahnhof. It does not usually mean a large destination like a city.
- Seit is different from vor: seit zwei Jahren means the situation started two years ago and continues now.
RELATED
Pick the answer that completes the sentence
Ich komme gerade __ Bahnhof.
I have just come from the station.

